El papel de la lengua materna en la enseñanza del idioma inglés como segunda lengua. Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26820/reciamuc/9.(3).julio.2025.92-104Palabras clave:
Lengua materna, Enseñanza del inglés, Segunda lengua, Revisión sistemática, PRISMAResumen
El aprendizaje del inglés como segunda lengua se ha vuelto una prioridad educativa en todo el mundo, lo que ha dado lugar a un debate continuo sobre el papel de la lengua materna en este proceso. Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo analizar la evidencia disponible sobre el uso de la lengua materna en la enseñanza del inglés, evaluando su impacto en la comprensión, la motivación y el rendimiento académico. Se utilizó la metodología PRISMA para seleccionar los estudios, basándose en búsquedas en bases de datos académicas como Scopus, ERIC y Web of Science, abarcando publicaciones desde 2000 hasta 2025. Después de aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se eligieron 30 artículos que cumplían con altos estándares de calidad metodológica. Los resultados indican que el uso estratégico de la lengua materna ayuda a construir puentes cognitivos, facilita la adquisición de vocabulario y fomenta la confianza comunicativa de los estudiantes; sin embargo, un uso excesivo puede limitar la exposición al inglés y disminuir la competencia comunicativa. En conclusión, la lengua materna desempeña un papel mediador importante en la enseñanza del inglés como segunda lengua, siempre que se implemente de manera equilibrada y planificada, potenciando tanto la comprensión como la inmersión en el idioma objetivo. Se sugiere a los docentes y diseñadores curriculares que consideren enfoques pedagógicos que integren la lengua materna como apoyo inicial, sin desplazar la práctica activa del inglés.
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